11/3/2022 0 Comments Xenopus blastopore![]() ![]() © 2019 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Three representative H2O control (left) or Activin/FRL-1-treated (right) embryos are shown below each graph. ![]() One also can determine the developmental time at which cell fates are committed by explanting blastomere lineages at different stages. The early embryo develops as a flat disc of cells overlying a massive. One can identify the molecules that are required for those cell fates by applying knockdown approaches to the isolated cell. The organizer region, or dorsal blastopore lip, plays a central role in the initiation of gastrulation and the formation of the body axis during Xenopus. In birds and mammals what is equivalent to an amphibian blastopore primitive streak. involution of the marginal zone, and closure of the blastopore. The role of cell-cell interactions can be revealed by co-culturing different sets of blastomeres. The dorsal blastopore lip is a source of signals inducing planar cell polarity in the Xenopus neural plate Coordinated polarization of cells in the tissue plane, known as planar cell polarity (PCP), is associated with a signaling pathway critical for the control of morphogenetic processes. The processes thought to function in Xenopus gastrulation include bottle cell formation. This method allows one to test whether an isolated blastomere can produce specific cell types or express tissue-specific genes independent of interactions with other cells or specific signaling pathways. Cleavage blastomeres can be cultured in a simple salt medium without added factors because they contain intracellular yolk platelets, which provide an intrinsic energy source. This protocol describes an explant culture approach for culturing blastomeres in isolation to test whether a cell's fate has been determined. The sequence can be divided into several steps: (1) As the dorsal lip of the blastopore forms, leading edge mesoderm (shown in orange here) is rotated up into. This work identified the precursors of most of the embryonic cell types, tissues and organs however, the maps do not reveal the cell interactions or signaling pathways that are required for establishing cell fates. The individual blastomeres of Xenopus two- to 32-cell embryos have been fate mapped. ![]()
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